Security Threats to the Undersea Connections Related Critical Infrastructure of the Baltic States: Baltic Sea in the Focus of Hybrid Warfare
Abstract
This report examines the growing vulnerabilities of undersea energy and communications links in recent years and outlines necessary risk mitigation measures to ensure better preparedness for probable future threats.
Description
1. Estonia’s energy and data connections with neighboring countries: Gas. Electricity. Data ;
2. Risks affecting undersea energy and data connections: Potential causes of service disruptions ; Undersea infrastructure as a strategic interest for Russia and China ;
3. Planned risk mitigation measures and their adequacy considering heightened security threats: Incidents that have affected Estonia’s and its neighboring countries’ subsea connections in the past three years ; Impact of energy and data disruptions on the continuity of Estonia’s critical services ; Existing risk-management plans and the sufficiency of mitigation measures ; Monitoring and protection of critical undersea infrastructure in the Baltic Sea ; 4. Challenges and development needs: European Union and NATO cooperation in protecting critical undersea infrastructure ; Readiness for fault rectification and accelerating response processes ;
Reducing dependence on technology produced in China ;
Legal framework for protecting undersea infrastructure ; Conclusions and recommendations https://doi.org/10.15158/nv7t-kg46